TU-TESL

• 22

Restricted by technology and cost, 80% of China's hydrogen production comes from coal based hydrogen production and industrial by-product hydrogen, and most of them are produced and sold by themselves in the factory, with little supply to the outside. In view of this characteristic of hydrogen supply, there is a lack of hydrogen infrastructure construction in China, which is mainly reflected in the storage and transportation of hydrogen. "The 2008 Olympic Games is a key node for the industrialization of electric vehicles in China, and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will also be a milestone for the development of fuel vehicles in China." On November 14, at the 2019 International Renewable Energy Forum held in Zhangjiakou, Professor of Tsinghua University and academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences pointed out. This view is confirmed by statistics. On November 11, the economic operation of automobile industry released by China Automobile Industry Association showed that from January to October 2019, the production and sales of fuel cell vehicles in China completed 1391 and 1327 respectively, an increase of 8.2 and 8.0 times over the same period of last year, becoming a bright color in the "cold winter" of automobile market. As early as 2006, China has written hydrogen energy and into the outline of national medium and long term science and technology development plan (2006-2020). Since then, the national strategic emerging industry development plan of the 13th five year plan and the action plan of energy technology revolution and innovation (2016-2030) and other national plans have made clear the strategic position of hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry. The government work report of 2019 The report pointed out that it is necessary to "promote the construction of charging, hydrogenation and other facilities". The support of the policy has boosted the confidence of the industry development, and the overall planning and layout of batteries in all regions have been accelerated. Guided by the Winter Olympic Games, Beijing and Zhangjiakou have set up a number of "hydrogen travel" demonstration operation areas. Tianjin plans to build a hydrogen ecosystem with an output value of more than 15 billion yuan by 2022. In Central China, Wuhan will build and operate according to the daily filling capacity of the hydrogen station. In the Yangtze River Delta, Jiangsu Province plans to build a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle with an annual output of more than 10000 by 2025, There are more than 50 hydrogenation stations; according to the development plan of fuel cell vehicles issued by Shanghai, Shanghai will build 5 to 10 hydrogenation stations and 3000 fuel cell vehicles by 2020. In addition, the northwest, southwest and Pearl River Delta are vigorously supporting the construction of hydrogenation stations and the development of hydrogen energy industry. "In recent years, China has made some progress in fuel cell vehicle technology. For example, Dongyue Group has developed core technologies such as membrane electrode preparation, fuel cell system integration and control technology. Large enterprises such as state grid, PetroChina and Sinopec have laid out hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation and hydrogenation industry chains." Wang Hewu, executive director of Zhangjiakou hydrogen and Renewable Energy Research Institute and associate professor of Tsinghua University, pointed out. On the one hand, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of high efficiency and long endurance mileage, on the other hand, the problems of cost, storage and transportation are also obvious. To develop hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, we must first solve the source of hydrogen. "In 2018, China's hydrogen production is about 22 million tons, making it the world's largest hydrogen producer." He Guangli, assistant director of new energy center and manager of hydrogen research and Development Department of Beijing low carbon clean energy research institute, said. He Guangli pointed out that due to the limitation of technology and cost, 80% of China's hydrogen production comes from coal based hydrogen production and industrial by-product hydrogen, and most of them are produced and sold by themselves in the factory, with little supply to the outside. Therefore, there are not many sources of hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. In view of this characteristic of hydrogen supply, there is a lack of hydrogen infrastructure construction in China, which is mainly reflected in the storage and transportation of hydrogen. "In the field of hydrogen storage, 35mpaiii and 70mpaiii bottles are mainly used in China at this stage, with low mass density, low efficiency and high cost." Qin Zhidong, director of new energy platform of Beiqi Foton Automobile Co., Ltd., said. It is understood that there are two modes of hydrogen transportation, one is through vehicles, ships and other means of transportation, the other is pipeline transportation. "At present, China's three national standards, liquid hydrogen for hydrogen vehicles, technical specifications for liquid hydrogen production system and technical requirements for safety of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, have passed the expert review, and will start the first step of liquid hydrogen commercialization after landing. In terms of pipelines, China's scale is very small, and there is a certain gap compared with the mature markets in Europe and the United States. At present, two works are being carried out, one is the hydrogen embrittlement screening and pipeline screening of high-pressure hydrogen pipelines, the other is the attempt to mix hydrogen into natural gas pipelines. However, the pipeline network business of "three barrels of oil" will be merged into the national oil and gas pipeline network company immediately. It is uncertain who will be in charge and how. It is expected that there will be five or six years to explore the application stage. " Han Wulin, deputy general manager and product director of Beijing haidelisen Technology Co., Ltd. The core part of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is fuel cell. "The key components of hydrogen fuel cell system, such as stack, catalyst, membrane electrode, bipolar plate, sealing material, etc., have been able to realize localization in China at present, but the industrial chain of large-scale and batch production has not been fully formed, with high cost." Tsinghua University Professor Li Jianqiu said frankly. "Zhangjiakou is a national renewable energy demonstration area, the host of the Winter Olympics, and the best industrial market base for hydrogen fuel cells." Ouyang Minggao said that Zhangjiakou, which has the advantages of time, land, people and people, will become a breakthrough in the development of hydrogen fuel cells. According to Qin Zhidong, Zhangjiakou took the lead in the commercial operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The latest generation of fuel cell buses was put into operation on August 1 last year. The maximum mileage of single vehicle is nearly 100000 km. After a lot of tests and statistics, the operation cost of Zhangjiakou's hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has reached the same level as the traditional fuel vehicles. Ouyang Minggao further pointed out that considering the comparison with the cost balance point, the hydrogen fuel cell power system is more suitable for long-distance large-scale and high-speed heavy-duty vehicles (heavy trucks, logistics vehicles, buses, etc.), mainly replacing diesel engines, and the lithium-ion battery power system is more suitable for small cars, mainly replacing gasoline engines. The two technologies are not substitution relations, but complementary. At the same time, many experts in the industry pointed out that due to the high energy consumption of heating in the car in winter, if the car is used, the endurance mileage will be significantly shortened. The residual heat of fuel cell itself can ensure heating, so hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have more advantages in the north. "To realize the low-cost and high safety operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the whole industrial chain needs to work together." Wang said. ◆ in January 2019, Zhejiang Province issued the action plan for high quality development of automobile industry in Zhejiang Province (2019-2022). The action plan clearly proposes to accelerate the cultivation of fuel cell vehicle industry chain, support the research and development of key technologies such as fuel cell stack, and encourage enterprises with ability to accelerate the development of fuel cell vehicles. ◆ in March 2019, Hainan Province issued the development plan of clean energy vehicles in Hainan Province, which proposed to adhere to the principle of charging first, gas filling second, and hydrogenation layout in advance, and strive to build a charging, gas filling and filling system that covers the whole province and meets the basic application needs of all types of clean energy vehicles in 3-5 years, with compatible charging, complementary charging, multi scene combination, intelligent charging and filling Hydrogen network. ◆ in April 2019, Shanxi Province issued the action plan for new energy vehicle industry in 2019, which shows that Shanxi will carry out pilot demonstration based on the existing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle related industries in Taiyuan and other cities to build Shanxi into China's "hydrogen Valley". It is clear that in terms of subsidies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, provincial financial subsidies will be given according to the proportion of 1:1 of central financial subsidies, and appropriate subsidies will be given to hydrogen stations and hydrogen fuel filling. ◆ in May 2019, Sichuan Province issued the implementation plan for fighting against diesel truck pollution (Draft for comments). The plan encourages the demonstration operation of fuel cell trucks and the construction of hydrogenation demonstration stations; supports the technological breakthrough of alternative fuels, pure electric, fuel cells, etc., encourages the development of new energy exclusive use such as hydrogen fuel, and optimizes the matching of power assembly systems. ◆ in June 2019, Beijing issued the notice on adjusting Chongqing June 2019, Chongqing issued the notice on printing and distributing the financial subsidy policy for the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in 2019. According to the notice, the hydrogenation station will give subsidies according to the level of daily hydrogenation capacity, with a maximum subsidy of 2 million yuan. ◆ in June 2019, Henan Province issued the notice on some policies to accelerate the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, encouraging relevant production enterprises to increase the promotion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, actively participate in the construction of national and provincial hydrogen fuel cell vehicle demonstration operation projects, and the provincial financial department will operate the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the construction of supporting facilities according to the project Give a certain percentage of rewards. ◆ in June 2019, Shandong Province issued the medium and long term development plan of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province (2019-2035). It is proposed that by 2025, the added value of the province's hydrogen energy industry will reach 100 billion yuan, the installed capacity of fuel cell fixed power generation will reach 3200 megawatts, the application scale of fuel cell vehicles will reach 50000, and the number of hydrogenation stations will reach 200. ◆ in August 2019, Hebei Province issued the key points of development and promotion of new energy vehicles in 2019, which proposed to increase research and development support for fuel cell and other advantageous products and encourage Zhangjiakou to use fuel cell buses. At the same time, the development and Reform Commission of Hebei Province and other departments jointly issued the implementation opinions on promoting the development of hydrogen energy industry in Hebei Province, which clearly defined the development goal of the province's hydrogen energy industry: by 2022, the key equipment of hydrogen energy and its core parts will basically achieve independent and batch production, and the annual output value of the hydrogen energy industry chain will reach 15 billion yuan. By 2030, cultivate 5-10 furniture leading enterprises in the world, and the annual output value of hydrogen energy industry chain will exceed 200 billion yuan; at least 100 hydrogenation stations will be built, and more than 50000 fuel cell vehicles will be operated.